hypertension disease

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition where a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal. Blood pressure is the pressure measured during cardiac systolic and diastolic. Functioning heart pumps blood throughout the body.

• Measuring blood pressure

- Td sistolis arteriole is pressure on the walls when the heart contract (systole) or when pumping blood out
- Td diastolis is the pressure when the heart relaxes (diastole) back
- So always sistolis td > td height of diastolis
- Td normal: 120-140/80-90 mm ​​hg
- Td will also increase with age, due to the calcification / thickening and hardening of blood vessels holes
- As a guide to:
young people (<18 years): 130/80 19 th till 65 th: 150/90 elderly (> 65 yr): 160/95

• The risk of hypertension

- Causing the heart work harder to pump blood, which can result in heart failure, with symptoms of shortness of breath and Similarly, edema in leg
- It causes the pressure in the arteries become hardened to withstand td increases, which could result in rupture of the capillaries of the brain (stroke)


• The risk factor is a trigger factor for heart disease and vascular disease:

- Hypertension
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Lack of exercise
- Stress
- Age and sex
- Hipersisteinemia
- Descent (heredity)


• physiological factors that regulate blood pressure

1) renin - angiotensin
2) cardiac stroke volume
3) flexibility of the arterial wall
4) release neurohormon (adrenaline and noradrenaline)
1) the renin-angiotensin system

Cardiac stroke volume
- The greater the contraction, the greater the volume of blood pumped out of the heart (systole), and the greater the effect of increase in blood pressure that occurs
- kitchen salt (NaCl), to bind water, thus increasing the total blood volume
- In effect, the pressure in the artery wall is increased, the heart of raising the pressure to deliver blood volume increases
- As a result td so ride

Flexibility of the arterial wall
- blood vessel wall (hole) it has been hardened due to deposits of cholesterol or lime / calcium or sediment
platelets, it will result in td is higher than the vessels that are still elastic

Release neurohormon
- The state of emotion, stress, exercise and smoking will trigger adrenergic nervous system to release adrenaline and noradrenaline
- Both of these hormones in the blood has shrunk the nature of the peripheral arteries (vasoconstrictor)
- Because the blood vessels shrink, resulting in increased blood pressure

Factors that can increase blood pressure:
1) Salt
sodium ions work holding (retention) secretion of water, so the volume and blood pressure in the vessel becomes larger. Consequently td be increased
2) Stress
emotional tension stimulates the adrenergic nerves to release adrenaline and nor adrenaline (stress hormone), which has the properties vasokonstriktif, vasoconstriction in blood vessels cause the heart to pump harder to draw blood, resulting in a rise td
3) Smoking
nicotine in cigarette smoke vasokonstriktif properties. Vasoconstriction in blood vessels cause the heart to pump harder to draw blood, resulting in a rise td
4) birth-control pills
contains female hormones (estrogens) that work to hold secretion (retention) so that the water volume and blood pressure in the vessel becomes larger. Consequently td be increased
5) male hormones and corticosteroids
also worked to hold secretion (retention) of water so that the volume and blood pressure in the vessel becomes larger. Consequently td be increased
6) Pregnancy
when the uterus has less blood, because the activity of the fetus, the kidneys will raise it with the renin - angiotensin
Symptoms, prevention and action:
• Symptoms: hypertension has no symptoms, unless otherwise known to the measurement of blood pressure
• Prevention: although heredity plays an important role, but the pattern of living and eating is very important in avoiding a primary hypertension are:

• Losing weight (for the over weight),
• Reduce consumption of salt and sugar,
• Exercise
• Stop smoking

• Common actions:

- Losing weight, for each decrease of 1 kg can reduce td 0.7/0.5 mm hg
- Reduce consumption of salt (because it can hold or retention of water)
- Limit consumption of cholesterol, because it is to settle and harden in the arteries (atherosclerosis)
- Stop smoking:

- Limiting drinking coffee (<3 cups a day), because coffein are vasoconstrictor, resulting in an increase td
- Limit drinking alcohol, because alcohol can increase the tension diastolis
- Rest enough, for a quiet life and not stress

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