Selenium is an essential trace element required for growth andprotein synthesis. Previous studies also have shown a preventiverole of selenium on diabetes risk. Selenium is a major componentof several functional selenoprotein (such as glutathioneperoxidase, reductase tioredoksin, iodotironin deiodinase andselenoprotein P) and the membranes that protect tissues fromoxidative stress and control the cell redox status. Evidence fromstudies in vitro and in-vivo studies indicate that selenium canimprove insulin sensitivity in insulin-like work. As it is known thatinsulin or substances that can mimic insulin work is needed totrigger the entry of glucose into the tissues so that glucose can be converted into energy or stored for later use.
Work similar to insulin of glucose uptake of selenium is the triggerand regulate metabolic processes such as glycolysis,gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and pentose phosphatepath. Mechanism by which selenium can mimic insulin is not clear,but reported that selenium activates key proteins involved in insulinsignal cascade.
Two studies in Man found that serum selenium concentrationswere lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects, and fromthe Health Professionals follow-up study, the concentration ofselenium in toenails was lower in diabetic men than non-diabeticcontrols. However, the National Health and Nutrition ExaminationSurvey showed that concentrations higher serum selenium was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes, plasma glucoseand HbA1c levels are more tinggi.Karena result of the controversy,then conducted a cohort study that assesses the relationshipbetween concentration Basal plasma selenium with incident type 2diabetes in French men and women aged 9 years.
Epidemiology of Vascular Aging Study (EVA) was conducted in1389 people aged 59-71 years where in the study were measuredduring basal fasting glucose levels, after 2, 4 and 9 years of study.The analysis was performed on 1162 participants with complete data. The results showed that basal plasma selenium levels on average 1.08 (0.21) ƒÝmol / L in men and 1.10 (0.20) ƒÝmol / L in women. During 9 years of follow-up, 127 cases occurreddisglikemia. Significant interaction was found between plasmaselenium and gender. Disglikemia risk was significantly lower in men with high plasma selenium levels (the highest one-third (T3):1.19 to 1.97) compared with low plasma selenium (third lowest(T1): 0.18 to 1.00) , [T3 vs. T1, HR (hazard ratio): 0.48 (from 0.25 to 0.92)], but no significant association in women. Aftersocio-demographic factors, lifestyle, cardiovascular disease, body mass index, hypertension and lipid profile control, plasmaselenium levels are slightly associated with the incidence in mendisglikemia [T3 vs. T1, HR: 0.50 (0.24 to 1, 04)] and not in women.
From the results of these studies concluded that the effects ofgender-specific protection of a higher selenium status when the incidence of basal disglikemia to come.
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